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Products
Products
| HS Code | 321821 |
| Product Name | LyondellBasell Isopropyl Alcohol |
| Chemical Formula | C3H8O |
| Cas Number | 67-63-0 |
| Molecular Weight | 60.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear colorless liquid |
| Purity | 99.5 wt% minimum |
| Boiling Point | 82.5 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | -89.5 °C |
| Flash Point | 11.7 °C closed cup |
| Specific Gravity | 0.786 at 20/20 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 33 mmHg at 20 °C |
| Vapor Density | 2.07 (air = 1) |
| Water Solubility | Miscible in water |
| Evaporation Rate | 1.7 (butyl acetate = 1) |
As an accredited Lyondellbasell Isopropyl Alcohol factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 55-gallon steel drums or 275-gallon IBC totes, with proper labeling and safety documentation. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading of LyondellBasell Isopropyl Alcohol: secure drums/pallets, ensure proper ventilation, and follow hazardous material handling guidelines. |
| Shipping | Ship as UN1219, Isopropanol, Class 3, PG II. Use grounded, vented containers and keep away from heat, sparks, and oxidizers. Secure drums or IBCs upright, protect from damage, and display proper hazard labels. Ensure compliance with maritime, air, or road regulations for flammable liquids. |
| Storage | Store LyondellBasell Isopropyl Alcohol in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, open flames, and strong oxidizers. Keep containers tightly closed and upright, with proper grounding and bonding to prevent static discharge. Use approved flammable-liquid storage cabinets and maintain secondary containment to control spills. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically three years when stored tightly sealed, away from heat, ignition sources, and incompatible materials. |
Post-etch residue removal on 300 mm silicon wafers and copper-pillar flip-chip substrates uses LyondellBasell anhydrous isopropyl alcohol with a minimum assay of 99.9 wt% and a water content below 0.05 wt% on the certificate of analysis, aligned to ASTM D770. The material is dispensed in single-wafer spin rinse dryers at 20°C through 0.1 µm point-of-use filtration, followed by ultrapure water rinsing and nitrogen-assisted IPA vapor drying. During the Marangoni drying step, a nitrogen carrier gas containing 2–5 vol% IPA vapor condenses on the wafer surface and generates a surface tension gradient from 72.8 mN/m for water to 21.7 mN/m for anhydrous 2-propanol at 20°C; this gradient drives bulk rinse water from the center to the edge and suppresses water spot formation on copper and low-k dielectric surfaces. Cation contamination is controlled by ICP-MS with total metal levels below 10 ppb, and particle counts are maintained below 10 particles/mL at 0.2 µm. Because the closed-cup flash point is 12°C and the lower explosive limit is 2.0 vol% at 25°C, process exhaust and transfer piping require bonding, grounding, and NFPA 30 flammable-liquid storage control. The resulting wafers are used in DRAM, NAND, and logic devices where residue-related leakage or corrosion is unacceptable. Published wafer dryer qualification data for this exact configuration is limited; however, water and nonvolatile residue in the IPA are directly linked to defect density and contact angle reproducibility on post-etch surfaces.
In pharmaceutical wet granulation of acetaminophen and loratadine tablet matrices, isopropyl alcohol is used as the solvent for povidone K30 binder. A typical granulation binder solution contains 5–10 wt% povidone K30 dissolved in anhydrous IPA, added at 25–35 wt% of the dry powder mass in a high-shear mixer. Impeller speed is maintained between 150 rpm and 250 rpm, chopper speed at 1500 rpm, and wet massing time between 90 s and 180 s; end point is terminated by torque rise rather than fixed time. Drying is conducted in a fluid-bed dryer with inlet air at 55–65°C until loss on drying is below 2.0 wt%. Because the IPA-water azeotrope is 87.7 wt% at 80.3°C, water-containing IPA alters binder solubility and produces harder granules that resist tablet compression. Residual isopropyl alcohol in the final tablet is controlled by headspace gas chromatography according to USP <467>, with the ICH Q3C Class 3 residual solvent limit of 5000 ppm and a permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day. The granulation route is used for immediate-release tablets where aqueous granulation would hydrolyze moisture-sensitive actives or lead to polymorphic conversion during drying.
At flexographic press speeds between 150 m/min and 250 m/min, isopropyl alcohol functions as a co-solvent and latent solvent in solvent-based cyan inks for corona-treated low-density polyethylene and biaxially oriented polypropylene. A starting cyan ink formula can contain 10–14 wt% IPA, 12–18 wt% n-propyl acetate, 6–8 wt% 1/4-second nitrocellulose, and 4–6 wt% polyurethane resin, with the balance pigment and additives. The solvent blend is adjusted to a Zahn Cup #2 viscosity of 18–25 s at 25°C. High-shear dispersion is carried out in a water-jacketed disperser at 2000 rpm for 20 min, and the finished ink is checked for grind fineness below 10 µm. Isopropyl alcohol has a relative evaporation rate of 2.0 compared with n-butyl acetate at 1.0; this rapid release permits high-speed drying but can increase anilox roll blockage if the solvent balance shifts excessively. More than 20 wt% IPA in the solvent fraction can cause nitrocellulose resin kick-out because IPA is not a true solvent for nitrocellulose and must be paired with ester or ketone active solvents. Solvent emissions are managed under EU 2010/75/EU, and printed food-contact structures require compliance with EU 10/2011 when the ink becomes an indirect food-contact component.
The WHO-recommended formulation II for isopropanol-based hand rubs is prepared by charging 751.5 mL of 99.8 wt% IPA into a 316L stainless steel batch vessel, followed by 41.7 mL of 3 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 14.5 mL of 98 wt% glycerol, then topping to 1000 mL with sterile water. Final IPA concentration is 75 vol%. Mixing is carried out with a low-shear impeller at 50 rpm for 30 min, and the liquid is filled into high-density polyethylene containers. Hydrogen peroxide at 0.125 wt% in the final formulation reduces pre-existing microbial contamination during the holding period before distribution. The product is tested for hand hygiene efficacy according to EN 1500:2013, and European market placement requires compliance with EU BPR 528/2012. Dilution below 70 vol% IPA is not recommended for routine hand antisepsis because bactericidal activity drops as the water fraction leaves the optimal penetration window. Closed storage at 20–25°C with polypropylene closures is required to limit evaporative loss and maintain concentration. The final hand rub is used in hospitals, food processing, and cleanroom transfer areas where rapid topical antisepsis is required.
Fixed-bed dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone is operated at 250–350°C and 1–3 bar abs over copper-zinc oxide or copper-silica catalysts. Per-pass conversion is 80–90% with acetone selectivity above 98 mol%; unreacted IPA is recycled after distillation. Hydrogen is recovered as a by-product at 95–99 vol% after pressure-swing adsorption. Water in the feedstock is maintained below 0.2 wt% because higher water levels accelerate catalyst hydration, increase surface hydroxyl concentration, and reduce copper dispersion. The crude acetone stream is purified by fractional distillation to meet ASTM D329; the product is used as a feedstock for methyl methacrylate and bisphenol A production. Dehydration of IPA over an acidic ion-exchange resin at 120–160°C produces diisopropyl ether with selectivity above 90%, although published data for this specific configuration is limited. The process boundary for both routes is determined by the 12°C flash point of the feed and the need for oxygen exclusion in reactor feed lines.
Because isopropyl alcohol attacks bisphenol-A polycarbonate, cold-mix aerosol hair spray lines replace polycarbonate sight glasses and filter bowls with 316L stainless steel or polypropylene. A typical aerosol hair spray formulation contains 5–10 wt% IPA, 40–60 wt% ethanol, 2–4 wt% octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, and propellant. Mixing is carried out at 300 rpm in a closed stainless steel vessel at 25°C, followed by filtration through a 25 µm polypropylene cartridge. The product is filled into aluminum monobloc cans with a crimped valve and tested for spray pattern at 22°C. Cosmetic GMP compliance is documented under ISO 22716:2007, and the final product must meet EU 1223/2009 safety assessment requirements. Industrial cleaning applications use 99 wt% IPA for rosin flux removal from printed circuit assemblies, with cleanliness acceptance determined by IPC J-STD-001 criteria. The operational boundary for both applications is the incompatibility of IPA with strong oxidizers, which can convert the alcohol to acetone and generate heat.
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LyondellBasell isopropyl alcohol is supplied as a single-component secondary alcohol under CAS 67-63-0 and molecular formula C3H8O, with the anhydrous grade controlled at ≥99.5 wt% purity and the technical-grade solvent at ≥99.0 wt%. The petrochemical route produces a narrow-boiling-range oxygenated solvent with a normal boiling point of 82.5°C at 101.325 kPa, a closed-cup flash point of 11.7°C under ASTM D56, a density of 0.785–0.787 g/cm³ at 20°C under ASTM D4052, and a vapor pressure of 4.4 kPa at 20°C. The product is not a compounded formulation and contains no denaturants. Tank-truck delivery with nitrogen padding is available for bulk users; smaller lots are packaged in returnable stainless or lined steel drums.
At 25°C, the flammability limits of the neat solvent are 2.0 vol% lower and 12.7 vol% upper, with an autoignition temperature of 399°C. Under GHS classification, the material is listed as flammable liquid category 2, serious eye irritant category 2A, and specific target organ toxicity single exposure category 3 for narcotic effects. For pharmaceutical residual-solvent assessments, isopropyl alcohol is assigned to Class 3 under ICH Q3C, with a permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day.
| Specification | Anhydrous grade | Technical grade | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assay as C3H8O | ≥ 99.5 wt% | ≥ 99.0 wt% | GC-FID internal normalization |
| Water content | ≤ 0.10 wt% | ≤ 0.30 wt% | ASTM E203 |
| Acidity as acetic acid | ≤ 0.002 wt% | ≤ 0.003 wt% | ASTM D1613 |
| Color, Pt-Co | ≤ 10 | ≤ 15 | ASTM D1209 |
| Distillation range at 760 mm Hg | 81.5–83.0°C | 81.0–83.5°C | ASTM D1078 |
| Density at 20°C | 0.785–0.787 g/cm³ | 0.784–0.788 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
| Nonvolatile matter | ≤ 5 ppm | ≤ 10 ppm | ASTM D1353 |
Within moisture-curing urethane and sol-gel coating systems, the water threshold is the principal control point. Anhydrous IPA at ≤ 0.10 wt% water under ASTM E203 limits premature hydrolysis of isocyanate groups in one-component polyurethane sealants and reduces silanol condensation in sol-gel adhesion promoters. The technical grade at ≤ 0.30 wt% remains usable in solvent blends where a ketone or ester co-solvent already carries a higher equilibrium moisture load. Free acidity measured by ASTM D1613 is limited because trace organic acids can displace amine catalysts in two-component epoxy systems and accelerate gassing in aluminium-pigmented metallic coatings. Distillation range under ASTM D1078 excludes high-boiling contaminants such as n-propyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether that would otherwise alter evaporation profile and tail-solvent behaviour.
In high-solids polyurethane and flexographic ink manufacture, the anhydrous product is used as a tail-solvent adjustment. Replacement of 2–3 wt% slow tail solvent with IPA increases high-shear viscosity drop at transfer rollers, reducing misting on gravure presses operating above 250 m/min. Ketone/ester blends containing 10–20 wt% IPA lower dynamic surface tension below 23 mN/m when measured on a Wilhelmy plate at 25°C, improving wetting on corona-treated polyethylene film with surface energy in the 38–40 dyn/cm range. The evaporation rate relative to n-butyl acetate is typically 1.7, placing IPA between methyl ethyl ketone and isobutyl acetate for print-room drying control.
During fixed-bed esterification of acetic acid to isopropyl acetate, the technical-grade feed is selected under water-content control because water above 0.30 wt% shifts equilibrium and raises recycle acetate recovery cost. Sulfonic acid ion-exchange resin catalysts operated above 130°C exhibit accelerated deactivation when peroxide-forming degradation products are present; distillation and nitrogen storage suppress the low-level oxidation that forms these species.
In semiconductor wafer drying and optical component rinsing, anhydrous IPA is selected for low surface tension of 21.7 mN/m at 20°C and full water miscibility. In Marangoni drying, the alcohol vapor introduced above a moving meniscus creates a surface-tension gradient that withdraws water from wafer surfaces. Liquid-phase water in the IPA bath above 0.10 wt% weakens this gradient and increases post-dry defect counts. However, the standard bulk anhydrous certificate of analysis does not provide semiconductor-grade ionic contamination data. Qualification for sub-ppb metal levels requires point-of-use filtration and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry verification. Distribution lines in such installations are typically fabricated from electropolished 316L stainless steel with 0.2-micron hydrophobic membrane vent filters. The material is not an electronic-grade solvent unless the customer-specific certificate includes per-lot metal and particle analysis; absent that documentation, semiconductor use is outside the standard specification.
For pharmaceutical and disinfectant processing, technical-grade IPA functions as a compounding alcohol and extraction solvent. In a 75% v/v aqueous mixture, the flash point rises relative to neat IPA, but the mixture remains flammable and requires flammable-liquid storage controls. Under ICH Q3C, residual IPA in drug products is controlled to the Class 3 permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day. Pharmacopeial acceptance may require additional lot testing for acetone, n-propanol, and benzene. For hand sanitizer formulations, antimicrobial efficacy testing is governed by regional in vivo methods such as EN 1500; the industrial certificate of analysis alone does not establish biocidal performance.
| Solvent parameter | LyondellBasell anhydrous IPA | Anhydrous ethanol | Acetone |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 60.10 g/mol | 46.07 g/mol | 58.08 g/mol |
| Normal boiling point | 82.5°C | 78.4°C | 56.3°C |
| Closed-cup flash point | 11.7°C | 12.0°C | -17.0°C |
| Density at 20°C | 0.785 g/cm³ | 0.789 g/cm³ | 0.791 g/cm³ |
| Evaporation rate relative to n-butyl acetate | 1.7 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
| Hansen polar solubility parameter | 6.1 MPa0.5 | 8.8 MPa0.5 | 10.4 MPa0.5 |
| Surface tension at 20°C | 21.7 mN/m | 22.1 mN/m | 23.7 mN/m |
Against ethanol and acetone, isopropanol differences appear primarily in polar and hydrogen-bonding character. Isopropanol has a lower polar Hansen parameter than ethanol but higher than acetone, making it less aggressive toward polar resins and more suitable for mixed-solvent formulations where ester-based coalescent retention is required. The flash point is higher than acetone, allowing air-drying lines to operate with lower vapor concentration by volume at similar film-formation rate. The lower hydrogen-bond acceptor strength relative to ethanol changes swelling equilibrium of cellulosic substrates; in room-temperature immersion tests, IPA tends to swell regenerated cellulose less than ethanol but more than acetone. Differences among commercial isopropanol products of the same grade are generally limited to certificate scope, packaging quality, and logistics because the chemical identity under CAS 67-63-0 is fixed. Selection of the LyondellBasell product therefore rests on narrow water, acidity, distillation, and nonvolatile specifications rather than a differentiated molecular composition.
Where ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, the anhydrous product should be stored under dry gas padding to prevent water uptake. Storage in carbon steel is acceptable for dry technical IPA only when water content remains below 200 ppm and temperature below 40°C; otherwise trace acetic acid and dissolved oxygen can generate iron oxide fines that raise nonvolatile matter. Aluminium equipment should be avoided in closed systems where water contamination might generate hydrogen. Peroxide formation can occur if the alcohol is stored in contact with air for more than 12 months; users performing distillation should monitor peroxide concentration by iodometric titration because no radical inhibitor is normally added to the bulk product.
On flexographic printing lines, air emission controls using IPA-containing solvent blends rely on lower explosive limit monitoring. Since the lower explosive limit of IPA is 2.0 vol% at 25°C, drying tunnels are operated below 1.0 vol% with independent infrared gas detection and interlocks to solvent inlet valves. Thermal oxidizer destruction efficiency above 99.5% is typical at 760°C with 1.0 s residence time; catalytic oxidation may operate at 320–420°C depending on catalyst type and inlet concentration.
