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| HS Code | 298838 |
| Chemical Name | Isopropyl Alcohol (Propan-2-ol) |
| Chemical Formula | C3H8O |
| Cas Number | 67-63-0 |
| Molecular Weight | 60.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear colorless liquid |
| Odor | Sharp, alcohol-like |
| Boiling Point | 82.5 °C (180.5 °F) |
| Melting Point | -89 °C (-128 °F) |
| Flash Point | 11.7 °C (53 °F) closed cup |
| Density | 0.786 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
| Solubility | Miscible with water and most organic solvents |
| Purity | ≥99.5% (typical grade) |
| Vapor Pressure | 4.4 kPa at 20 °C |
| Refractive Index | 1.377 at 20 °C |
As an accredited Realsun Chemical Isopropyl Alcohol factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Realsun Chemical Isopropyl Alcohol is packaged in a 500mL HDPE bottle with a secure, child-resistant cap and clear safety labeling. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading: palletized drums of Realsun Isopropyl Alcohol, firmly secured, UN1219 Class 3, ventilated, with hazard labels. |
| Shipping | Realsun Chemical Isopropyl Alcohol ships as a flammable liquid, UN1219, Class 3, Packing Group II. It must be packaged in approved containers, labeled correctly, and accompanied by hazardous materials documentation. Transport via ground freight is standard; air or ocean shipment requires strict compliance with applicable dangerous goods regulations. |
| Storage | Store Realsun Chemical Isopropyl Alcohol in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and contamination. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and incompatible materials. Use grounded containers to prevent static discharge. Follow all local regulations and keep out of reach of unauthorized personnel. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 3 years when stored unopened in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources. |
Realsun Chemical 2-propanol (CAS 67-63-0) with a water specification below 0.2 wt% enters pharmaceutical wet granulation where aqueous binder systems present hydrolysis, esterification, or polymorph conversion risk for moisture-sensitive actives. In high-shear granulation using a vertical granulator with impeller tip speed 3–8 m/s and chopper speed 1000–3000 rpm, the granulating liquid is commonly prepared as an isopropanol–purified water mixture at 50:50–90:10 w/w, charged at 5–15 wt% of dry powder mass. Fluid bed drying with inlet air 45–60°C, dew point −40°C, and final product temperature below 35°C removes the solvent to levels controlled by ICH Q3C(R8) Class 3 residual solvent guidance; the permitted daily exposure is 50 mg/day, and a 5000 ppm headspace gas chromatographic result may be accepted only when daily dose is 10 g or less, warranting dose-based calculation rather than fixed ppm acceptance. Phytochemical extraction lines use percolation trains with a solvent-to-drug ratio of 4:1–8:1 w/w at 50–70°C, followed by vacuum concentration at 40–50°C and 20–25 kPa absolute pressure. Compliance documentation references 21 CFR 211.67 and 21 CFR 211.160, USP <467>, and Ph.Eur. 5.4; equipment operates under ATEX 2014/34/EU zone classification due to flash point 11.7°C. Finished product types include tablets, capsules, effervescent granules, controlled-release multiparticulates, softgel fill masses, and spray-dried botanical extracts. Batch-to-batch residual solvent variation on production lines widens when binder addition duration shifts by more than 2 min, producing over-wetted zones that extend drying time and should be flagged in process analytical technology trending.
A 99.9 wt% 2-propanol fraction with non-volatile residue below 10 ppm, titratable acidity below 0.0003 meq/g, and water content below 0.1 wt% removes rosin-based and no-clean flux residues from stencils, misprinted boards, and high-density interconnect assemblies. Understencil wipe modules on SMT production lines meter 0.3–1.0 mL/cycle of solvent onto polycellulose or polyester wipes at squeegee speeds of 200–600 mm/s; ultrasonic cleaning tanks operate at 40–60 kHz and maintain bath temperature 20–28°C to limit evaporative inventory. Vapor degreasing lines require freeboard ratio 1.0–1.2 and refrigerated coil temperature −10 to 0°C, with inerting or explosion-proof extraction because the closed-cup flash point is 11.7°C. Addition ratios in stencil cleaning are typically 85–95 vol% 2-propanol to deionized water where plastic-compatible, while optical fiber end-face cleaning uses neat 99.9 wt% product in sealed swab packaging. Compliance testing follows IPC J-STD-001H residue requirements, IPC-CH-65B cleaning process qualification, and IEC 61189-5-1 ionic contamination measurement with a pass criterion of 1.56 µg/cm² NaCl equivalence. Terminal finished forms include populated printed circuit board assemblies, SMT stencils, semiconductor lead frames, and fiber optic connector end faces. A documented operational boundary involves amorphous thermoplastics: aqueous 70 vol% 2-propanol can propagate crazing in stressed polycarbonate and acrylic components, and wet bench materials should be selected only after ASTM D543-21 immersion weight and tensile retention testing.
In solvent-based flexographic ink concentrates, 2-propanol is introduced at 3–12 wt% to control resin solvency for nitrocellulose and polyamide binder systems without destabilizing pigment dispersions; gravure letdown operations use 10–30 wt% additions to adjust press-ready viscosity. The manufacturing sequence includes high-speed disperser premix at tip speed 18–25 m/s, bead mill residence time 20–40 min at 40–50°C jacket temperature, and letdown tank agitation at 50–70 rpm. Press viscosity for flexographic printing is typically held at 18–25 s Zahn cup #2 at 25°C, with 2-propanol vapor pressure 4.4 kPa at 20°C controlling open-tray evaporation on press. Compliance for packaging inks requires documentation under REACH (EC) No 1907/2006, Commission Regulation (EC) No 2023/2006 for food-contact packaging material good manufacturing practice, and—where printed films form indirect food-contact surfaces—21 CFR 175.300 resinous coating requirements; some European converter specifications also reference EuPIA Good Manufacturing Practice for Food Packaging Inks. Terminal product types include rotogravure and flexographic food packaging, self-adhesive labels, shrink sleeves, and paper-based shopping bags. Residual 2-propanol in printed food packaging is controlled by converter-specific migration assessment rather than a single global limit, and published data for specific retort or high-fat food configurations is limited.
Nitrocellulose wood lacquers formulated for pre-catalyzed and post-catalyzed furniture finishes use 2-propanol as a medium-boiling active solvent that maintains resin solubility while retarding flash-off from sprayed film surfaces. The solvent fraction in a conventional lacquer system may include 10–35 wt% 2-propanol relative to total volatile organic content, with the balance comprising esters, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Manufacturing uses high-speed dispersers at 10–15 m/s tip speed for nitrocellulose chip wetting, followed by letdown to application viscosity of 17–20 s Ford cup #4 at 25°C. Spray application proceeds at 0.25–0.35 MPa atomizing pressure with forced flash air at 15–25°C and 0.5–1.0 m/s velocity until surface tack is cleared. Compliance is governed by EU Directive 2004/42/EC Annex IIA VOC phase limits, EPA 40 CFR Part 59 for architectural and industrial maintenance coatings in North America, and ASTM D2369-20 for volatile content measurement. Terminal product types include furniture lacquers, kitchen cabinet topcoats, musical instrument coatings, and wood flooring sealers. A formulation boundary must be enforced in waterborne acrylic dispersion systems: addition above 5 wt% 2-propanol may induce coagulation or viscosity collapse in latex polymer matrices, shifting the formulation to a co-solvent-tolerant polyurethane dispersion if higher levels are demanded.
In hand hygiene and surface disinfection, 2-propanol functions as an active ingredient, not a processing solvent. A WHO-referenced hand rub formulation requires 75 vol% isopropyl alcohol, 1.45 vol% glycerol, and 0.125 vol% hydrogen peroxide, with the remaining volume made up as sterile or distilled water. Mixing is performed in 316L stainless steel vessels equipped with slow-speed agitators at 50–100 rpm; hydrogen peroxide is added after the alcohol–glycerol mixture has cooled to below 30°C, and the batch is held 72 h before filling to ensure spore inactivation. Surface spray and presaturated wipe formulations operate in the 60–80 vol% bactericidal window, with contact time for log 5 reduction increasing beyond 30 s when concentration falls below 60 vol%. Compliance testing includes EN 1276:2019 for bacterial suspension, EN 13624:2021 for fungal activity, and EN 1500:2013 for hygienic hand rub efficacy; US distribution of hand sanitizer products is expected to align with 21 CFR Part 333 topical antiseptic monograph requirements, and surface biocide claims require EPA FIFRA registration. Terminal finished product types include liquid hand rubs, pump foams, surface sprays, and presaturated wipes. Operational limits include skin defatting above 80 vol%, and hydrogen peroxide oxidation of 2-propanol can generate acetone; production batches should monitor acetone by gas chromatography with a rejection threshold of 0.1 wt% to maintain olfactory specification.
2-propanol is incorporated into agrochemical microemulsion concentrates to suppress lyotropic liquid crystalline gel phases that form when high-electrolyte active ingredients, calcium alkylbenzene sulfonates, and nonionic surfactants are titrated with water. Formulation loading spans 5–20 wt% of the total concentrate, with the lower bound addressing viscosity collapse and the upper bound limited by flash point and phytotoxicity risk. The production sequence uses a rotor-stator high-shear mixer at 3000 rpm to homogenize the active ingredient, surfactant blend, and 2-propanol before water titration at 25°C; phase inversion is detected by conductivity inflection, and finished microemulsion particle size is verified by dynamic light scattering in the 10–100 nm range. Storage stability follows CIPAC MT 46.3 with 54±2°C storage for 14 days, followed by cold-storage cycling in some registration dossiers. Compliance documentation references FAO/WHO JMPS product specifications, EPA 40 CFR 180.920 inert ingredient tolerance exemption where applicable, and Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 co-formulant acceptability. Terminal product forms include herbicide adjuvants, insecticide microemulsions, plant growth regulator concentrates, and low-foam tank-mix compatibility agents. Published data for specific active ingredient–surfactant configurations is limited, and each formulation requires phase stability screening because the addition of more than 20 wt% 2-propanol can increase adjuvant phytotoxicity on sensitive horticultural crops.
Winter screen wash concentrates and fuel system de-icing fluids use 2-propanol for freeze-point depression and water absorption in cold-start conditions. Screen wash concentrates are formulated with 20–50 vol% 2-propanol, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, and nonionic wetting agents; fuel system de-icing additives are dosed at 0.5–2 vol% in gasoline or diesel storage and dispensing systems. In-line blending at 10–20°C with turbine mixers operating at 200–400 rpm prevents stratification, and filling into high-density polyethylene containers with vented closures is performed under flammability-controlled conditions. Transport classification follows UN 1219, ADR Class 3, F1, and storage layout is governed by NFPA 30. Fuel additive registration in the United States falls under 40 CFR 79, while low-temperature phase behavior of finished screen wash is evaluated by ASTM D97-17b pour point and freeze-thaw cycling. Terminal product types include winter screen wash superconcentrates, windshield de-icer sprays, fuel line anti-freeze, and diesel fuel water-control additives. The controlling material boundary is elastomer compatibility: EPDM and NBR swell in sustained contact with 50 vol% 2-propanol at 70°C, and diaphragm or seal components in dosing equipment should be specified as FKM or FPM and screened by ASTM D471-16a volume change testing.
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Realsun Chemical isopropyl alcohol is supplied as a single-component oxygenated solvent, differentiated primarily by assay, water content, total acidity, and nonvolatile residue rather than by additive package. The standard product structure separates 99.9 wt% minimum assay anhydrous/electronics-grade material from 99.5 wt% minimum assay general technical material. The corresponding water allowances are ≤0.1 wt% and ≤0.2 wt%, respectively, with Karl Fischer titration performed under ASTM E203. This grade distinction is operationally significant: a water increase of 0.1 wt% can lengthen drying time in high-throughput printed circuit board washing, shift the boiling curve, and increase the probability of water spotting on copper, aluminum, or glass substrates. The product is classified as a flammable liquid with a closed-cup flash point of 12 °C, autoignition temperature near 399 °C, and normal boiling point of 82.5 °C at 101.3 kPa. Bulk storage and transfer are therefore controlled as ground-bonded, vapour-restricted operations under NFPA 30 and 29 CFR 1910.106 as applicable. Industrial packaging commonly includes 200 L tight-head carbon steel or high-density polyethylene drums and 1000 L composite intermediate bulk containers with stainless steel valves and polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets. Semiconductor users may require passivated stainless steel totes or fluoropolymer-lined containers to reduce extractable metal risk. The specification matrix below summarises the two supply modes.
| Property | Anhydrous/electronics grade | Technical grade | Reference method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assay by gas chromatography | ≥99.9 wt% | ≥99.5 wt% | ASTM D770 |
| Water | ≤0.1 wt% | ≤0.2 wt% | ASTM E203 |
| Acidity as acetic acid | ≤0.002 wt% | ≤0.004 wt% | ASTM D1613 |
| Nonvolatile residue | ≤0.001 wt% | ≤0.005 wt% | ASTM D1353 |
| Colour, Pt-Co | ≤10 | ≤10 | ASTM D1209 |
| Density at 20 °C | 0.785–0.786 g/cm³ | 0.785–0.787 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
For semiconductor front-end and flat-panel-display cleaning, ionic contamination and residue removal are more relevant than bulk assay alone. Isopropanol is used as an organic residue remover and drying solvent after photoresist development, wafer dicing, and flux removal. In a Marangoni dryer, vapour-phase isopropanol is introduced into a deionized-water meniscus to reduce surface tension from approximately 72 mN/m to 21–23 mN/m, creating a surface-tension gradient that pulls water away from wafer surfaces without mechanical contact. On a production-scale immersion or single-wafer tool, critical parameters include solvent flow rate, vapour temperature, and water content. Water levels above 0.1 wt% in the drying solvent can degrade the meniscus gradient and produce watermarks on copper interconnects and low-k dielectric surfaces. In printed circuit board cleaning, isopropanol-water blends are used at 70–99% v/v depending on flux type; the anhydrous grade is preferred for no-clean flux residues in stencil-cleaning equipment with ultrasonic transducers operating near 40 kHz. Metal ion budgets for electronics-grade isopropanol are commonly set below 10 ppb for sodium, potassium, and iron. Published data for the exact Realsun Chemical electronic lot-level metal ion distribution is limited, so incoming qualification by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry under SEMI C35 or an equivalent user specification is necessary before introduction into sub-10 nm interconnect processing. Point-of-use filtration through a 0.1 µm polytetrafluoroethylene membrane is also specified in cleanroom dispensing loops to control particle addition during fluid delivery.
In flexographic and gravure ink dilution, the anhydrous grade functions primarily as a viscosity reducer and evaporation-rate modifier for nitrocellulose, polyamide, and acrylic resin systems. A solvent-based flexographic ink can be reduced from an initial Zahn cup #2 viscosity of 25 s to 18–20 s at 23 ± 1 °C by addition of 5–10 wt% isopropanol without disturbing resin compatibility. Additions beyond 10–15 wt% may cause resin shock, pigment flocculation, or unbalanced drying. The relative evaporation rate of isopropanol, approximately 2.8 relative to n-butyl acetate, shortens solvent-release time on a central-impression flexographic press but increases the risk of anilox roll drying when press speed drops below 40 m/min. Water content is controlled because moisture above 0.2 wt% in nitrocellulose inks can produce haze, reduce redissolution behaviour, and generate foam in enclosed doctor-blade chambers. In gravure cylinder cleaning, 99.9 wt% isopropanol is sprayed through stainless steel nozzles at 0.3–0.6 MPa to remove dried ink from engraved cells. The low nonvolatile residue specification of ≤0.001 wt% prevents residue accumulation at the cell base after evaporation. The product is also used as a solvent modifier in waterborne acrylic coatings at addition rates of 2–5 wt% of formulation mass to limit volatile organic compound loading without destabilising minimum film formation behaviour.
When the product is used in pharmaceutical extraction, topical sanitization, or printed packaging components, the specification boundary shifts from electronic metal ion control to pharmacopoeial compliance and residual solvent classification. A USP/NF-grade isopropanol is expected to meet the current monograph tests for distillation range, specific gravity near 0.783–0.787, acidity, and nonvolatile residue. Isopropanol is classified under ICH Q3C as a Class 3 solvent with low toxic potential, permitting residual solvent levels of 5000 ppm or less when justified by good manufacturing practice. In botanical extraction, isopropanol-water systems at 60–85% v/v are used for polar-to-moderately polar phytochemicals; solvent recovery is conducted by rotary evaporation at 40–60 °C under reduced pressure. For sanitization, 70% v/v isopropanol in water remains the commonly referenced bactericidal concentration for vegetative bacteria and enveloped viruses in controlled exposure studies, although contact time, soiling, and surface porosity alter efficacy. The product is diluted in dedicated stainless steel compounding vessels with purified water meeting the United States Pharmacopeia Purified Water monograph. No bacteriostatic additive is specified unless explicitly listed on the certificate of analysis.
Distinction from recovered, blended, or fuel-grade isopropanol is most observable in nonvolatile residue, ultraviolet absorbance, carbonyl content, and odour profile rather than in bulk density or boiling point. Recovered isopropanol from printing or coating solvent recovery may contain methanol, plasticisers, denatonium benzoate, or oily oligomers that survive simple distillation. These materials can interfere with electronic cleaning, pharmaceutical release, or gas chromatographic analysis. The Realsun Chemical product, when supplied against ASTM D770 and the table above, carries a lower carbonyl and residue burden than recovered solvent. Compared with ethanol, isopropanol has a higher normal boiling point of 82.5 °C versus 78.3 °C and different hydrogen-bonding behaviour with certain resins. It is less volatile than acetone, whose boiling point is 56.1 °C and whose closed-cup flash point is approximately −17 °C. The lower volatility of isopropanol reduces solvent loss from open wipe stations but extends drying time in high-speed automated cleaning. Compared with n-propanol, isopropanol has a lower boiling point and is typically preferred in flexographic printing because it provides rapid drying without excessive head retention on the anilox roll. Isopropanol does not replace low-boiling ketones in systems requiring high hydrogen-bond acceptor strength or solvency for crystalline resins. Compatibility screening with the actual resin and additive package is therefore required before substitution.
In chemical intermediate and laboratory applications, the technical grade is used as a dehydration solvent for equipment cleaning and as a co-solvent for esterification and purification of heat-sensitive compounds. Rotary evaporator recovery is conducted at 40–60 °C and 20–30 kPa absolute pressure to avoid thermal decomposition; the absence of high-boiling residue is monitored by gas chromatography after evaporation.
Bulk handling of 99.9 wt% anhydrous isopropanol at production scale requires closed-loop transfer, bonded and grounded containers, and inert-gas padding where vapour space must be controlled. Because the flash point is 12 °C, ambient-temperature process areas can generate flammable vapour-air mixtures if the vapour concentration reaches the lower flammable limit of 2.0 vol%. Storage tanks above drum volume are typically fitted with pressure/vacuum relief, flame arrestors, and a nitrogen blanket maintained at 0.5–2.0 kPa gauge to exclude oxygen and moisture. Transfer pumps should be sealless magnetic-drive or air-operated double-diaphragm types constructed of stainless steel, polypropylene, or polytetrafluoroethylene-moistened components. Carbon steel, brass, and zinc should be avoided in continuous product-contact service because trace metal pickup can violate the ionic budget for electronics applications. Anhydrous isopropanol is hygroscopic; open-drum storage in high-humidity production areas should be replaced by pressure dispense or dry-air padding to maintain the water specification. The product is incompatible with strong oxidisers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and chlorine-based sanitising agents; mixing with bleach can generate chlorinated organics and should be prevented. Grounding clamps, conductive hoses, and interlocked liquid-level controls specified under NFPA 77 are standard site requirements. Initial transfer velocity is limited to 1 m/s until the inlet is submerged, after which flow may be increased to 7 m/s. Butyl rubber, nitrile, or polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets are commonly specified; natural rubber and ethylene-propylene diene monomer gaskets may fail after repeated oxygenated-solvent exposure and are reviewed during site qualification.
