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| HS Code | 875181 |
| Product Name | Severochema Isopropanol |
| Chemical Formula | C3H8O |
| Cas Number | 67-63-0 |
| Molecular Weight | 60.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear colorless liquid |
| Purity | >= 99.7% |
| Density At 20c | 0.786 g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point | 82.6 °C |
| Melting Point | -89.5 °C |
| Flash Point | 11.7 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Miscible |
As an accredited Severochema Isopropanol factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Severochema Isopropanol is supplied in a 1 litre HDPE bottle with secure closure, labelled with hazard warnings and product details. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load 20′ FCL with Severochema Isopropanol in approved drums, secure tightly, label correctly, ventilate container, and follow hazardous goods regulations. |
| Shipping | Severochema Isopropanol ships as UN 1219, Isopropanol (Isopropyl Alcohol), Class 3, Packing Group II. It is a highly flammable liquid and vapor. Transport in approved containers, grounded equipment, away from ignition sources. Ensure proper labeling, ventilation, and segregation from oxidizers. |
| Storage | Store Severochema Isopropanol in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, open flames, and direct sunlight. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use. Segregate from strong oxidizers and acids. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and bonding/grounding procedures. Ensure secondary containment and proper labeling to prevent accidental mixing or spills. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 3 years from production date when stored tightly sealed in original container, away from heat and ignition sources. |
Mixed-technology printed circuit board assemblies exiting a reflow oven with peak zone 245–250 °C retain activated rosin flux residues that encapsulate solder spheres and entrapped activators. Severochema isopropanol is metered into a three-stage inline cleaner for removability tests on FR-4 laminates carrying SAC305 and tin-lead terminations. The first stage is a 40 kHz ultrasonic immersion tank charged with 99 wt% isopropanol at 30–40 °C, with ultrasonic energy density held at 10–15 W/L. The second stage is a brush spray section using 0.2 µm-filtered isopropanol at 1.5–2.0 bar to dislodge residues under low-clearance ball grid array packages. The third stage is a vapour rinse with anhydrous isopropanol having water content ≤0.1 wt% determined by ASTM D1364. Ionic cleanliness is monitored by resistivity of solvent extract according to IPC-TM-650 method 2.3.25, with a typical acceptance limit of 1.56 µg NaCl equivalent/cm² for assemblies carrying surface-mount and through-hole components. Surface insulation resistance is evaluated per IPC-TM-650 method 2.6.3.3; lot acceptance is set above 100 MΩ after 168 h at 85 °C and 85% RH. Water absorption in an open ambient bath is the primary process conflict: at relative humidity above 50% RH, the working bath can exceed 1 wt% water within a production shift, producing white residues on board edges and under low-standoff components. The bath is therefore recirculated through molecular sieve cartridges or blanketed with nitrogen, and the final rinse is replenished from a closed reservoir. Because the flash point of isopropanol is 12 °C closed cup, the cleaning line is classified as NFPA 30 Class IB, with exhaust ventilation sized for 2.0% v/v lower explosive limit monitoring. Terminal products include automotive engine control modules, implantable medical device assemblies, and avionics boards requiring class III cleanliness.
On patterned 300 mm silicon wafers after dilute HF last-wet etching, water remaining in high-aspect-ratio trench structures generates capillary forces sufficient to collapse resist lines or poly-silicon gates. In a single-wafer spin rinse dryer, Severochema isopropanol is injected into the drying chamber at 100–300 mL/min while the wafer rotates at 800–1500 rpm. The IPA vapour condenses at the meniscus and reduces the liquid surface tension from 72 mN/m for water to 21.7 mN/m for isopropanol. The resulting surface tension gradient drives residual water out of the trenches at wafer withdrawal speeds between 1–5 mm/s. The critical control parameter is water content in the IPA feed. At ≤0.1 wt% water, the surface tension gradient is sufficiently steep for pattern collapse prevention on features with aspect ratio up to 20:1. When water content rises to 0.3–0.5 wt%, the gradient flattens and residual water remains at sidewall bases, which is visible as post-etch watermark defects. Point-of-use filtration at 0.1 µm and daily Karl Fischer verification are required. The isopropanol-water azeotrope at 87.7 wt% isopropanol and 12.3 wt% water, boiling at 80.37 °C, defines the recovery boundary for the drying fluid; simple distillation without molecular sieve polishing accumulates water above the threshold. Chemical purity is specified against SEMI C19 categories for assay, acidity, non-volatile residue, and trace metal. Terminal product is a dried wafer before atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide in memory device fabrication.
In a 316L stainless steel reactor, a crude API solution in N,N-dimethylformamide at 50–60 °C is seeded after the initial antisolvent charge reduces solubility but before spontaneous nucleation is detected by focused beam reflectance measurement. Severochema isopropanol is added through a 0.2 µm cartridge filter at 0.5–1.0 L/kg of dry crude over 60–90 min. The semibatch addition is followed by controlled cooling to 0–5 °C over 4 h to complete crystallization. Isopropanol is assigned to ICH Q3C Class 3, with a permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day and a maximum residual solvent concentration of 5000 ppm (0.5% w/w) in the drug substance. Residual solvent analysis is performed by headspace gas chromatography according to USP <467>. Vacuum drying at 40–50 °C and 10–20 kPa with intermittent nitrogen stripping is used to reach the residual limit within 8–12 h for a filter cake with initial solvent content of 20–30 wt%. The drying endpoint is confirmed by thermogravimetric loss-on-drying. Isopropanol must not be held above 60 °C in the presence of strong acids such as methanesulfonic acid, because acid-catalysed esterification to isopropyl esters introduces impurities not covered by the original ICH Q3C assignment. The terminal drug substance is a crystalline powder with defined polymorph identity by X-ray powder diffraction, suitable for tablet or injectable formulation after milling to the target particle size distribution.
WHO 2010 formulation I for an isopropanol-based handrub consists of 751.5 mL of 99.8% isopropanol, 41.7 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide, 14.5 mL of 98% glycerol, and sterile distilled water to a final volume of 1 L. The addition sequence in a closed 316L vessel at 20–25 °C is isopropanol first, then hydrogen peroxide, then glycerol; reversing the last two components accelerates peroxide decomposition and oxygen foaming. The final isopropanol concentration is 75% v/v. Efficacy is verified by the EN 1500 hygienic handrub test against Escherichia coli K12, requiring a mean log₁₀ reduction factor of at least 2.0. The blended solution is held for 72 h before use to eliminate bacterial spores and to allow complete peroxide consumption. Filling lines are installed under ATEX 2014/34/EU with explosion-proof motors, grounding, and vapour recovery because the formulation remains a Class IB flammable liquid. The terminal product is a hospital ward handrub packaged in 500 mL flip-top bottles, where the isopropanol acts as both antimicrobial active and viscosity reducer for glycerol.
For nitrocellulose-based flexographic inks printed on corona-treated BOPP film with surface energy 38–42 mN/m, Severochema isopropanol is blended at 5–15 wt% into a solvent system of ethyl acetate and n-propanol. At this concentration, cylinder cell release and film wetting are maintained while photopolymer plate swelling remains within the plate supplier tolerance for 1.14 mm durometer plates. Above 15 wt% isopropanol, dot edge lift and plate swell become measurable at press speeds above 200 m/min, producing dot gain on highlight cylinders. Ink viscosity is held at 25–35 s in a Zahn #2 cup at 25 °C by solvent addition. Drying air at 50–60 °C reduces retained isopropanol below 5 mg/m² measured by headspace gas chromatography in the printed film; the boiling point 82.5 °C and latent heat of vaporization 664 kJ/kg determine the dryer residence time and exhaust volume. Food packaging laminates are tested for overall migration under EU 10/2011 after lamination to a sealant web. The terminal printed laminate is used in snack packaging and stand-up pouches where the ink is buried in a multilayer structure.
Severochema isopropanol vapour is fed at 1.0–2.5 h⁻¹ liquid hourly space velocity to a fixed-bed reactor with a 4:1 length-to-diameter ratio and hot-spot control at 300–400 °C. Over a copper-zinc oxide-alumina catalyst, single-pass conversion is 85–95% and acetone molar selectivity is typically above 90%. The co-produced hydrogen is separated in a pressure swing adsorption unit at 2.5–3.0 MPa; when water in the isopropanol feed exceeds 1 wt%, the PSA hydrogen purity can fall below 99.9 mol% because water co-desorbs with hydrogen under the high-pressure cycle. The reactor effluent is quenched to 20–25 °C and acetone is distilled to 99.5 wt% purity. Catalyst regeneration by air decoking at 350–400 °C is scheduled when acetone selectivity drops 3–5 percentage points from baseline. The acetone product is routed to bisphenol A and methyl methacrylate facilities. Downstream derivatives from the same isopropanol platform include isopropyl acetate, made by esterification with acetic acid over an acid ion-exchange resin at 80–90 °C, and isopropylamine, made by reductive amination over a nickel catalyst. Piping for the hydrogen-containing stream is designed to ASME B31.3 with hot-wall allowance for 400 °C.
Anhydrous ethanol-based hair styling polymer solutions use 5–20 wt% Severochema isopropanol as a viscosity-reduction solvent and evaporation-rate modifier. The concentration is adjusted so the fall time in a Zahn #2 cup at 25 °C remains within the range specified by the aerosol valve manufacturer for consistent spray pattern. Filling is performed in explosion-proof areas under ATEX 2014/34/EU, and the final package is an aluminium monobloc can with an internal protective coating. Volatile organic solvent content is determined by ASTM D2369. The terminal product is a non-dripping hairspray in which isopropanol also reduces clear polymer haze at low ambient humidity.
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Severochema Isopropanol is an industrial propan-2-ol solvent supplied for formulation, let-down, precision cleaning, and reaction-media duties where a well-characterised secondary alcohol with a defined water content is required. The material is identified by CAS 67-63-0, EINECS 200-661-7, and falls within the scope of ASTM D770 for solvent-grade isopropyl alcohol. Within the product line, specification variants are designated by water content and packaging rather than a hardware model number; the anhydrous low-water grade and general-purpose grade serve different process limits. In practice, it is not a single purity value but a product line controlled for water, acidity, residue after evaporation, and carbonyl content according to the end-use. The structural differences from ethanol and acetone are significant: the secondary alcohol group produces a slower, more uniform solvent release from low-solids coatings than acetone, while its flash point of 12 °C closed cup (ISO 2719) places it in a less volatile handling class than acetone, despite similar ketone solvency for many resins.
Neat isopropanol has a density of 0.785–0.786 g/cm³ at 20 °C, a normal boiling point of 82.5 °C, and a vapour pressure of 4.4 kPa at 20 °C. The azeotrope with water at 87.7 wt% propan-2-ol and 80.37 °C is a process boundary: atmospheric distillation cannot reduce water below the azeotropic level, so low-water grades are produced by azeotropic drying or membrane/molecular-sieve treatment. Consequently, if a formulation is sensitive to moisture at 0.1 wt% water, the batch certificate must specify the Karl Fischer method used; ASTM E203 is commonly cited. For general thinning and cleaning, a water content of ≤0.5 wt% is typically acceptable, but for urethane-grade diluents, water must be held below the isocyanate reaction threshold to prevent premature urea formation and CO₂ gassing.
Commodity reclaim streams and blended solvents often retain low-molecular-weight ketones, glycol ethers, or high-boiling hydrocarbons that are not reported on a simple purity assay. Severochema Isopropanol is positioned as a specification-controlled solvent; the release tests include acidity, water, colour, distillation range, and non-volatile residue. A representative specification envelope is shown below; lot-specific values are given on the certificate of analysis and may be tighter for anhydrous material.
| Parameter | Method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Propan-2-ol content | ASTM D770 / GC | ≥ 99.5 mass % |
| Water content | ASTM E203 Karl Fischer | ≤ 0.10 mass % anhydrous; ≤ 0.50 mass % general |
| Acidity as acetic acid | ASTM D1613 | ≤ 0.002 mass % |
| Non-volatile residue | ASTM D1353 | ≤ 10 mg/100 mL |
| Colour, Pt-Co | ASTM D1209 | ≤ 10 |
| Distillation range at 101.3 kPa | ASTM D1078 | initial ≥ 81.3 °C; dry point ≤ 83.0 °C |
The acid specification matters in water-based or acid-sensitive coatings because residual acidity can shift pH during let-down. In metal-packaging washes, acidity above 0.005 mass % as acetic acid has been associated with visible tarnish on aluminium test coupons after 24 h immersion at 40 °C; therefore, the low-acid release is preferred when dried surfaces must remain stain-free. Carbonyl content is reported on the batch certificate because acetone and other carbonyls can react with amine-based curing agents and produce coloured condensation products in epoxy-amine or polyurethane amine systems.
Batch-to-batch variance in water content is usually smaller for anhydrous grades because they are dried downstream of the azeotropic distillation; certificates of analysis for anhydrous material often report ≤0.05 mass % water when shipped in sealed lines. If the solvent is transferred to a day tank, the day tank headspace should be blanketed with dry nitrogen at 5–10 kPa over atmospheric pressure and sampled weekly. In a solvent-return loop, a Karl Fischer sample should be drawn after the return filter, not from the tank bulk, because water can stratify in stagnant piping and release as slugs when flow resumes.
Compared with denatured ethanol, Severochema Isopropanol is not subject to potable-alcohol excise controls in most jurisdictions, and its lower evaporation rate relative to acetone allows it to remain on the surface long enough to dissolve rosin-based flux residues without vaporising prematurely. Compared with acetone, it is less aggressive against some coating systems but more likely to craze polycarbonate and acrylic; polycarbonate components should be assessed under ISO 22088 before immersion. Compared with low-aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, its polarity provides higher solvency for cellulose nitrate, shellac, and some alkyds, but it is not a drop-in replacement for glycol ethers in waterborne coatings. Compared with methanol, isopropanol has lower acute toxicity and is not classified as a specific target organ toxicant under repeated exposure; however, the CLP classification still includes STOT SE 3 for central nervous system effects via inhalation.
In gravure ink formulation, the choice between isopropanol and ethyl acetate is usually made from evaporation number and resin solubility. Severochema Isopropanol is introduced as a let-down diluent in nitrocellulose/polyurethane systems when solvent release must be slower than ethyl acetate but faster than glycol ether retarders. A production-scale narrow-web press with a chambered doctor blade and forced-air drying hood at 60–80 °C can tolerate addition of 5–10 wt% isopropanol before viscosity drops below the target flow-cup range of 20–28 s at 25 °C (DIN 53211, 4 mm). Above 12–15 wt%, the high-volatility fraction increases and can cause ink spitting onto the anilox roll; below 2–3 wt%, set-off may occur at the rewind when wet film weights exceed 2.0 g/m². The dilution window is not a fixed formulation constant; it shifts with plate durometer, anilox line screen, and substrate surface energy.
The critical operational conflict is not mere viscosity reduction; it is the shift in drying profile. Isopropanol evaporation from a 5 µm wet film on corona-treated polyethylene occurs in two stages: an early surface-evaporation stage dominated by boundary-layer air velocity and a slower diffusion stage from the polymer matrix. Medium-wave infrared dryers in the 2.5–3.5 µm wavelength range increase surface temperature but do not shorten diffusion-controlled solvent release unless web speed is reduced. Field observations from flexographic lines indicate that replacing 5 wt% of isopropanol with an equal mass of slow retarder above 10 wt% leads to blocking at the rewind station after 30–45 min of continuous operation; however, published data for this specific configuration is limited.
The 87.7 wt% propan-2-ol/water azeotrope defines a hard boundary for formulated solvent drying. If a two-component polyurethane coating is let down with general-grade isopropanol containing 0.5 wt% water, the water consumes isocyanate hardener at approximately 1 mol H₂O per 2 mol NCO, releasing carbon dioxide and generating an amine intermediate. In wet films thicker than 60 µm, this reaction produces pinholes and microfoam before the solvent has fully evaporated. The anhydrous grade is therefore specified for moisture-cure and moisture-sensitive systems; it should be transferred under dry nitrogen and not left in open feed cans on the production floor because ambient relative humidity above 60% can raise the water content of hygroscopic isopropanol within hours.
For reaction-media use, the same water boundary applies to esterification and alkyd cook processes where solvent is recycled. Recovered isopropanol from a distillation receiver will approach the azeotropic water content unless a decanter or molecular sieve is installed upstream. Thus, a solvent-recovery skid designed for isopropanol recycling should be evaluated for water removal capacity, not only distillation range, before it is returned to a moisture-sensitive batch. In transfer hydrogenation or ketone-reduction media, the water content is equally relevant because water can hydrolyse water-sensitive catalysts or shift selectivity; anhydrous solvent may be required if the catalyst loading is below 0.5 mol% and turnover frequency is measured by gas uptake.
Cleaning of metal and glass before bonding or coating is an application where controlled non-volatile residue is critical. In a component-cleaning line using an immersion bath followed by vapour rinse, the solvent is maintained by continuous distillation; Severochema Isopropanol with non-volatile residue below 10 mg/100 mL (ASTM D1353) reduces particulate migration onto the dried surface. Hot vapour degreasing is not used because isopropanol has a closed-cup flash point of 12 °C and a lower autoignition temperature than halogenated solvents; the cleaning tank must be electrically grounded, fitted with local exhaust ventilation, and protected from open flames and hot surfaces within 2 m, in accordance with local explosive atmosphere regulations. For aluminium and copper, short-term exposure is not strongly corrosive, but aluminium coupons should be dried at 60 °C to avoid water adsorption from slow-evaporating residues.
Seal and gasket compatibility should be verified before replacing hydrocarbon or chlorinated solvents in an existing cleaning skid. Isopropanol can swell natural rubber and butyl rubber and may extract plasticizers from flexible PVC; EPDM, PTFE, and stainless steel are generally acceptable for short-term immersion. If the previous solvent was perchloroethylene, solvent-resistant elastomers selected for chlorinated solvents are not automatically suitable for oxygenated solvents and should be tested under ISO 1817 for volume and hardness change.
In electronics-cleaning applications, ionic contamination is the acceptance criterion and not bulk purity alone. Isopropanol used as a final rinse should be checked for chloride, sulfate, and non-volatile residue because ion residue after evaporation can generate leakage currents on fine-pitch assemblies. If the cleaning specification is ≤0.02 µg NaCl equivalent/cm² after solvent rinse, then the product lot should be monitored by ion chromatography followed by IPC TM-650 extraction testing; bulk solvent specification alone does not guarantee board-level cleanliness. For moisture-sensitive substrates such as polyimide flex circuits, drying should be completed in an inert or desiccated airflow to prevent water condensation after the evaporative cooling of the rinse solvent.
Reclaimed solvent streams can pass a density or flash-point check but still contain high-boiling residues, odour compounds, or mixed esters that change downstream film formation. The release testing under ASTM D770, combined with a defined distillation range and colour limit, reduces the probability of these batch-to-batch shifts. In a 3-roll mill dispersion of phthalocyanine blue pigment, residual high-boiling hydrocarbon contamination above 0.5 wt% can shift hue and flocculation behaviour; a low residue after evaporation specification therefore has direct application value. If a buyer must verify suitability for food-contact equipment sanitation, the final water rinse must be validated separately because isopropanol is not a direct food additive; regulatory review should cite FDA 21 CFR 178.1010 for sanitizing-solution uses only where applicable, and local residue limits remain controlling.
For disinfectant and sanitary formulation, the product is a raw material and not a finished biocidal product. Isopropanol is an approved active substance under Regulation EU No 528/2012 for product-type 1, 2, and 4 applications, but the formulator must comply with Article 95 listing and the final product must meet test standards such as EN 1276 or EN 1500 at the intended concentration. In hand-sanitizer formulations, a final concentration of 60–70 vol% is commonly used for bactericidal efficacy, but virucidal claims require separate test evidence under EN 14476.
Handling and storage boundaries are set by flammability, hygroscopicity, and oxidation. Isopropanol oxidizes slowly to acetone under photochemical or metal-catalysed conditions; storage in closed containers under ambient conditions is normally stable for 12–24 months, but opened containers exposed to air above 60% RH should be blanketed with dry nitrogen. Avoid strong oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and hypochlorite because exothermic oxidation and acetone formation can occur. The material is not compatible with strong Lewis acids or with oxygen-rich gas streams; cleaning lines should be purged with inert gas before charging solvent. Transport classification is UN 1219, Class 3, Packing Group II; labelling follows Regulation EC No 1272/2008 with hazard statements H225, H319, and H336.
