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| HS Code | 139733 |
| Chemical Formula | C3H8O |
| Cas Number | 67-63-0 |
| Molecular Weight | 60.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear colorless liquid |
| Purity | 99.5% min |
| Boiling Point | 82.5°C |
| Melting Point | -89.5°C |
| Flash Point | 11.7°C (closed cup) |
| Specific Gravity | 0.785 at 20°C |
| Solubility | Miscible in water |
As an accredited Toyota Tsusho Corporation Isopropyl Alcohol factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Toyota Tsusho Corporation Isopropyl Alcohol is packaged in sealed 18-liter or 200-liter drums, labeled clearly for safe handling and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: Isopropyl alcohol (Toyota Tsusho) loaded in drums/IBCs, secured, and handled as dangerous goods per regulations. |
| Shipping | Toyota Tsusho Corporation Isopropyl Alcohol ships as UN 1219, a flammable liquid (IPA). Transport requires proper hazardous materials classification, UN-approved packaging, and labeling. Avoid heat, sparks, and static discharge. Ensure compatible containment and follow IATA/IMDG/ADR regulations for safe delivery. |
| Storage | Store Toyota Tsusho Corporation Isopropyl Alcohol in tightly sealed, approved containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep containers grounded and bonded to prevent static discharge. Separate from strong oxidizers and incompatible materials. Use explosion-proof equipment and ensure clear labeling with proper hazard signage. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2–3 years when stored unopened in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources. |
In post-ash wafer cleaning on 300 mm single-wafer lines, the Toyota Tsusho Corporation isopropyl alcohol supply is introduced immediately after the final deionized water rinse in the spin processor, where its function is not limited to rapid drying but also includes suppression of watermark defects caused by dissolved silica and trace cation residues. The solvent is specified according to SEMI C8-1117 and ASTM D770-11(2019) for electronic-grade isopropyl alcohol; supplier certificates of analysis for this application typically list assay ≥ 99.8%, water ≤ 0.02%, non-volatile residue ≤ 5 ppm, total cation content ≤ 10 ppb, and particle counts for particles ≥ 0.5 µm at ≤ 12 particles/mL. In wafer drying, the solvent is delivered as a heated vapor nozzle stream or liquid side-injection in a Marangoni-type dryer at 0.8–2.5 L/min per chamber depending on wafer size and tool configuration; the alcohol concentration in the drying zone is maintained above 90.0% v/v to sustain the surface-tension gradient required to pull water from the wafer edge without leaving a residue front. For printed circuit board assemblies, the same solvent is used either undiluted at 99.5–99.9% or as a 70.0/30.0 v/v isopropyl alcohol/deionized water blend in ultrasonic baths operating at 40 kHz, stencil cleaning machines, and vapor degreasing units, with the dilution selected according to ionic contamination limits in J-STD-001H and test procedures such as IPC-TM-650 2.6.15. Process boundaries are well documented: water content above 0.05% in the undiluted solvent produces visible water spots on aluminum bond pads, non-volatile residue above 5 ppm transfers organic films to wafer surfaces after vapor drying, and cation contamination above 10 ppb can shift threshold voltage in sensitive gate oxide structures. The addition ratio in PCB flux removal typically ranges from 70.0–99.9 wt% isopropyl alcohol in the cleaning bath, with up to 30.0 wt% deionized water added to solvate polar activator residues without destabilizing the cleaning bath. Terminal product types include 300 mm and 200 mm silicon wafers, bumped wafers, MEMS devices, PCB assemblies populated with no-clean solder paste, and optoelectronic components. Published data for this specific configuration is limited where proprietary single-wafer dryer nozzle geometry is concerned, but the failure modes cited above are consistently reported across batch immersion tools and spray-in-air systems.
When isopropyl alcohol is specified as a Class 3 residual solvent in oral solid dose manufacturing, the drying endpoint is derived from ICH Q3C (R8), which assigns isopropanol a permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day and therefore treats it as a solvent with low toxic potential but not unlimited carryover into finished drug product. In wet granulation, the solvent is added to the granulating liquid at 10.0–30.0 wt% of the binder solution, usually in combination with purified water, povidone K30, or hypromellose; a typical high-shear granulator charge for a 600 L bowl uses 8.0–12.0 kg isopropyl alcohol per 100 kg dry powder blend, with the ratio adjusted to produce median granule sizes of 150–500 µm and compressibility above 1.10 g/cm³ at 15–25 kN tablet compression force. The downstream process involves a 45–60 °C fluid-bed drying cycle with inlet air dew point below 8 °C and a final loss-on-drying specification of 1.5–3.0%; residual isopropyl alcohol is monitored by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection using a DB-624 column, and the result must fall below the ICH Option 1 limit or be justified through Option 2 or Option 3 calculations for the finished dosage form. Recrystallization of crude active pharmaceutical ingredients uses higher solvent input of 3.0–12.0 mL/g of crude solid, with the charge controlled to avoid supersaturation gradients that produce oiling-out; the batch is heated to 70–82 °C, cooled under controlled agitation in a glass-lined reactor, and the filtered crystals are dried under vacuum at 40–50 °C. For antiseptic hand rubs, the World Health Organization formulation is used without viscosity-building agents: 75.0% v/v isopropyl alcohol, 1.45% v/v glycerol, 0.125% v/v hydrogen peroxide, and water to volume; the mixture is blended for 15–30 min in a closed stainless-steel vessel with a bottom-propeller agitator and transferred to high-density polyethylene bottles only after hydrogen peroxide quenching is verified. Terminal product types include compressed tablets, hard gelatin capsules, oral granules, iodine-free tinctures, hand rubs, and equipment-cleaning dilutions at 70.0% v/v; the same solvent at 70.0–99.0% is used to rinse tablet press parts between product changeovers under 21 CFR 211.67.
Flexographic and rotogravure ink systems with nitrocellulose-polyurethane binder combinations incorporate anhydrous isopropyl alcohol at 5.0–20.0 wt% of the finished liquid ink to depress dynamic surface tension, accelerate evaporation after transfer to BOPP or PET, and maintain resolubility on the anilox roller without attacking the photopolymer plate. The addition ratio is adjusted downward to 5.0–8.0 wt% in high-speed flexo lines running above 300 m/min because excessive volatile content causes ink starvation in the metering nip and increases solvent retention in laminated film structures beyond 5.0 mg/m²; for surface-print applications on low-density polyethylene, the ratio may rise to 12.0–20.0 wt% to achieve tight dot gain control and prevent feathering at 800–1200 lpi anilox line counts. The production process begins with high-speed disperser let-down: nitrocellulose chips are wetted with isopropyl alcohol and ethyl acetate at 25–35 °C, followed by addition of polyurethane resin, plasticizer, and pigment concentrate; viscosity is then verified with an ISO 2431 cup at 25 °C, with target outflow times of 18–28 s for flexographic inks and 15–22 s for gravure inks. Press-side dilution is restricted to 2.0–5.0 wt% of total ink to remain within flammability limits and to avoid shifting the Hansen solubility parameter beyond the resin cloud point. Compliance for food-contact printed materials references Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 Article 3, Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, and Swiss Ordinance SR 817.023.21 Annex 10 where applicable; because no harmonised EU-specific migration limit is established for isopropanol in printed food-contact materials, the supplier must provide evidence that residual isopropyl alcohol is reduced to the lowest technically achievable level before lamination. Terminal product types include flexible packaging for snack foods, shrink sleeves for beverage bottles, pressure-sensitive labels, paper shopping bags, and multi-ply laminates for aseptic cartons.
Cobweb formation in nitrocellulose lacquer spray application is governed by solvent evaporation rate, solution extensional viscosity, polymer molecular weight distribution, and the ratio of fast to slow evaporating components in the let-down blend; isopropyl alcohol is introduced at 2.0–10.0 wt% of the total lacquer formula as a medium-fast evaporating co-solvent that lowers viscosity without raising the Hansen hydrogen-bonding parameter into the moisture-uptake regime. In a typical production sequence, nitrocellulose chips are shipped alcohol-wetted with 35.0 wt% isopropyl alcohol, then added to a high-speed dissolver with toluene, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and plasticizer; the mixture is held at 25–35 °C and dispersed at 1,000–1,500 rpm until a Hegman grind below 25 µm is obtained. Viscosity is measured with a Brookfield rotational viscometer or a Ford No. 4 cup according to ASTM D1200-18, with typical sprayable lacquer viscosity of 25–35 s; when the isopropyl alcohol fraction is increased above 10.0 wt%, the onset of cobwebbing shifts to lower atomization pressure because the particle surface dries before the core solvent has evaporated, producing polymer filaments instead of coalesced droplets. Spray application on wood furniture lines uses air-assisted airless guns at 0.6–1.4 bar atomizing air pressure, with booth relative humidity controlled to 40–60%; below 14 °C substrate temperature, evaporative cooling from isopropyl alcohol condensation causes blushing in high-gloss systems. Compliance with the EU Decopaint Directive 2004/42/EC is demonstrated through VOC content measured by ASTM D2369-20; formulations containing isopropyl alcohol in the 2.0–5.0 wt% range are generally compatible with solventborne wood coating limits, but higher loadings may require reformulation with exempt solvents or a switch to compliant low-VOC waterborne topcoats. Terminal product types include wood lacquers for furniture and panels, aerosol spray paints, metal coatings for display fixtures, and paper lacquers for luxury packaging. Published data for this specific configuration is limited where high-gloss black lacquer comparisons are concerned, but the relationship between isopropyl alcohol content and cobwebbing is directly observed in production spray trials.
A leave-in hair styling formulation containing 15.0–40.0 wt% isopropyl alcohol requires a cold-processing sequence in which the alcohol phase is pre-mixed with purified water at 20–25 °C before the addition of carbomer or hydroxyethylcellulose; the isopropyl alcohol fraction serves as a solvent for film-forming polymers and fragrance, while also reducing drying time on the hair fiber. In astringent toners and facial mists, the addition ratio is lower, typically 5.0–15.0 wt%, and the production process uses a jacketed stainless-steel mixing vessel with a propeller agitator at 150–300 rpm, followed by filtration through a 0.45 µm polypropylene cartridge to remove undissolved polymer gels. Nail polish remover and nail wipe formulas may contain 10.0–25.0 wt% isopropyl alcohol as a secondary solvent to ethyl acetate or acetone; here the limitation is not polymer compatibility but skin irritation and flammability, so the final formula must be evaluated under the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 Article 10 safety assessment and handled according to CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 for H225 and H319 classifications. Cosmetic manufacturing under ISO 22716:2007 requires documented control of raw material identity through the INCI name “Isopropyl Alcohol” and routine check of denaturant content where national excise regulations demand denatonium benzoate at 0.001–0.01 wt%. Terminal product types include hair mists, pump-action hair sprays, facial astringents, waterless hand gels positioned as cosmetic deodorant products, and nail care wipes; formulations above 40.0 wt% isopropyl alcohol are generally redirected to pharmaceutical antiseptic classification rather than cosmetic notification because of misuse risks. Published data for this specific configuration is limited for leave-on cosmetic safety margins because the margin of safety calculation depends on body surface area and consumer exposure frequency submitted in the product information file.
In healthcare and food-contact surface sanitation, isopropyl alcohol is compounded into ready-to-use aqueous solutions at 60.0–70.0% v/v, a concentration window established because water is required to hydrate bacterial cell walls and denature membrane proteins, while alcohol concentrations above 80.0% v/v show slower bactericidal action due to rapid surface coagulation. The production process involves continuous blending of anhydrous isopropyl alcohol with demineralized water, addition of denatonium benzoate at 0.001–0.01 wt% to deter ingestion, and sometimes 0.5–1.0 wt% hydrogen peroxide to suppress spore load in closed recycle lines; the blend is passed through a 0.22 µm nylon filter and filled into trigger-spray bottles or nonwoven wipe canisters under flameproof ventilation. Compliance is demonstrated through EN 1276 for bactericidal activity, EN 1650 for fungicidal activity, EN 13727 for medical-area bactericidal activity, and EN 14476 for virucidal activity against enveloped viruses; each claim requires a 4–5 log reduction under the specific contact time, temperature, and soiling conditions validated in the biocidal product dossier. In food-contact applications, isopropyl alcohol-based wipes used on indirect surfaces are assessed under FDA 21 CFR 176.180 or equivalent regional food-contact material requirements; direct food-contact sanitization requires registration as a sanitizer and is less commonly used because alcohol evaporates too rapidly to maintain the required contact time on porous conveyors. The addition ratio for disinfectant wipes is normally 3.0–4.5 mL of 70.0% v/v isopropyl alcohol solution per gram of dry polypropylene wipe substrate, adjusted to prevent pooling that reduces contact time by accelerating alcohol flash-off. Terminal product types include cleanroom disinfectant sprays, pre-saturated disinfectant wipes, stethoscope and ultrasound probe wipes, and surface sanitizers for stainless steel workstations in pharmaceutical and food processing rooms. Published data for this specific configuration is limited where hard-water interference is concerned; alcohol-based disinfectants are generally less sensitive to water hardness than quaternary ammonium compounds, but particulate residues from hard water can require source-water conductivity below 10 µS/cm.
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Toyota Tsusho Corporation supplies isopropyl alcohol (CAS 67-63-0, UN 1219) as a high-purity oxygenated solvent for precision cleaning, electronics drying, and process solvent applications. The substance is isopropanol, (CH3)2CHOH, molar mass 60.10 g/mol, a flammable secondary alcohol that is fully miscible with water and common polar and nonpolar industrial solvents. The offer is specified by purity tier rather than a single proprietary model; line-item grade designations distinguish general industrial material at 99.5 mass% minimum purity, high-purity cleaning material at 99.9 mass% minimum purity, and low-water electronic-grade material for semiconductor wet-process use. Packaging commonly includes 4 L high-density polyethylene bottles for laboratory and low-rate dispensing, 18 L fluoropolymer or stainless-steel containers for controlled-environment transfer, and 200 L steel drums for production-scale supply, with exact container codes assigned at quotation and tied to the lot certificate of analysis. Compared with reagent-grade alcohol sold through laboratory channels, the industrial product emphasizes lot-to-lot consistency in water and metal-ion levels rather than a single chromatographic purity number, because downstream failures in electronics cleaning are more frequently caused by 0.01–0.05 mass% water variation and cation carryover than by gross assay loss.
Five parameters determine whether the distributed material is suitable for contact with semiconductor surfaces: water content, nonvolatile residue, acidity, metal-ion burden, and distillation profile. In high-purity grades, water is held below 0.10 mass% because residual moisture can hydrolyze metal-oxide surfaces and reduce the drying margin after spin-rinse-dry operations. Nonvolatile residue is controlled at or below 0.001 g/100 mL by ASTM D1353, which limits particle-forming species after solvent evaporation. Acidity is limited to 0.001 mass% as acetic acid by ASTM D1613 to avoid proton-driven corrosion on aluminum and copper interconnects. The distillation range is typically constrained within 1.0 °C including the pure-component boiling point of 82.6 °C, which reduces carryover of heavy-end contamination. Metal-ion limits are applied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; electronic grades commonly specify total cation burden below 100 µg/kg and individual alkali metals below 10 µg/kg. The specification profile is not equivalent across all regions; supply into Japan and adjacent markets commonly references JIS K 1522:2012, while North American release certificates may cite ASTM D770-11.
| Parameter | General industrial | High-purity electronic | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isopropyl alcohol | ≥ 99.5 mass% | ≥ 99.9 mass% | ASTM D770-11 / gas chromatography |
| Water | ≤ 0.20 mass% | ≤ 0.10 mass% | ASTM E203 |
| Acidity | ≤ 0.002 mass% as acetic acid | ≤ 0.001 mass% as acetic acid | ASTM D1613 |
| Nonvolatile residue | ≤ 0.005 g/100 mL | ≤ 0.001 g/100 mL | ASTM D1353 |
| Density at 20 °C | 0.785–0.789 g/cm³ | 0.785–0.787 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
On production wet benches, high-purity isopropyl alcohol is dispensed through 0.02 µm or 0.04 µm nylon point-of-use filters with downstream PFA tubing to reduce particle addition. Nitrogen headspace of 50–100 kPa is commonly applied to 200 L drums to prevent moisture ingress and to maintain stable draw during low-flow dispense. Unblanketed drum transfer in humid cleanrooms can raise water content from 0.08 mass% to above 0.15 mass% within 24 h depending on room humidity; point-of-use Karl Fischer titration is therefore implemented before wafer lot start. Vapor-phase drying tools use heated isopropyl alcohol at 80–82 °C under reduced pressure or nitrogen purge to lower surface tension and remove water from high-aspect-ratio trenches. Recirculating lines with stainless-steel centrifugal pumps may shed nickel-bearing particles if operated dry during container changeover, so pump shutdown interlocks and low-flow alarms are used on high-velocity dispense loops.
For gate oxide pre-cleaning and advanced interconnect wet processing, the cation residue budget becomes the critical control, not bulk purity. In these operations, the solvent is often sampled by ICP-MS with detection limits at or below 1 ng/kg for sodium, potassium, and calcium. A low-water IPA grade is used immediately after dilute hydrofluoric acid rinses to avoid redepositing sodium and potassium ions that were removed in the acid step. The drying process relies on the low surface tension of isopropyl alcohol relative to water; IPA reduces surface tension to approximately 21.7 mN/m at 20 °C per ISO 304 compared with 72.8 mN/m for water. This property improves penetration into dense line-space patterns without leaving the metal residues associated with solvent blends containing stabilizers. High-parallel-plate wafer dryers using slow-pull IPA vapor report the main defect mode as droplet residue at the wafer bevel; this is addressed by controlling vapor temperature and pull speed rather than by raising solvent purity beyond the electronic-grade cation limit.
The solvent is not a direct replacement for photoresist developer. The dissolution rate of exposed novolak resist in pure IPA is several orders of magnitude lower than in 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium hydroxide, so the solvent is used for pre-wet, edge-bead removal, and post-develop drying rather than pattern development. Adhesion promotion steps use hexamethyldisilazane upstream; IPA rinse after HMDS would remove unreacted silanol species and is therefore not inserted between vapor prime and coat. In liquid crystal glass cleaning, the same low-cation grade is used after detergent wash to reduce alkaline carryover into the alignment layer coating station, where sodium and potassium above 10 µg/kg in the final rinse can shift threshold voltage behavior in thin-film-transistor backplanes.
Solvent selection hinges on residue, evaporation rate, and polymer compatibility. Acetone has a lower boiling point of 56.2 °C and vapor pressure of 24.7 kPa at 20 °C, giving faster evaporation but increasing cooling and condensation risks on hydrophobic surfaces; it also attacks polycarbonate and acrylic components found in wet-station windows and shield plates. Ethanol has higher moisture affinity and may contain denaturants that leave nonvolatile residue; its boiling point of 78.4 °C is below IPA, but its azeotrope composition at 95.6 mass% ethanol makes true anhydrous supply more difficult without molecular-sieve drying. n-Propyl alcohol dries more slowly than IPA and has a higher unit cost, so it is typically reserved for applications needing a less aggressive but slower-drying alcohol. High-purity IPA balances medium solvency with enough volatility for spin-rinse-dry removal and low residue after drying. From a solubility perspective, isopropyl alcohol Hansen parameters of δd=15.8 MPa^0.5, δp=6.1 MPa^0.5, δh=16.4 MPa^0.5 place it between polar acetone and water; this allows it to dissolve many soldering flux acids while retaining compatibility with epoxy and silicone encapsulants. The same parameter set explains why IPA is less effective than acetone on heavy hydrocarbon greases and must be used with ultrasonic or megasonic agitation when wax-like soils are present.
| Solvent | Boiling point | Flash point | Major risk | Specification reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isopropyl alcohol | 82.6 °C | 11.7 °C | Low residue, moderate solvency | ASTM D770-11 |
| Acetone | 56.2 °C | -20 °C | Polymer attack on polycarbonate and acrylic | ASTM D329 |
| Ethanol | 78.4 °C | 12.8 °C | Denaturant residue and water uptake | ACS reagent or pharmacopeia grade |
| n-Propyl alcohol | 97.2 °C | 22 °C | Slower drying, higher cost | ACS reagent grade |
Switching from isopropyl alcohol to acetone in a cleanroom wipe protocol requires changing the wipe substrate because acetone leaches contaminants from some sealed-edge polyester wipes. The lower flash point of acetone also changes the hazardous-area classification of the wipe station. Conversely, replacing IPA with ethanol in ultrasonic cleaning often increases water pickup from ultrasonic bath mist unless anhydrous ethanol is used, which is more expensive and more tightly controlled under excise regulations. These operational differences, not bulk purity number alone, determine the total delivered cost of the cleaning fluid.
Isopropyl alcohol is classified as a Class IB flammable liquid under NFPA 30 and is transported under UN 1219. Closed-cup flash point is 11.7 °C by ASTM D56, and autoignition temperature is approximately 399 °C. Storage should use grounded stainless-steel or approved HDPE containers, with local exhaust or low-ppm flammable-gas monitoring because vapor can form ignitable mixtures at 2.0–12.7 vol% in air. The solvent is not classified as a peroxide-forming compound under generally applied safety standards, but prolonged exposure to atmospheric oxygen under light can slowly increase acidity; drums should be resealed with dry nitrogen and kept away from direct sunlight. The main incompatibility is with strong oxidizers, concentrated nitric acid, closed heated systems containing aluminum-zinc alloy, and acetyl chloride; contact with strong acids can generate heat and rapid gas evolution. Open heater elements in dip tanks should not exceed 65 °C unless nitrogen inerting and interlocked local exhaust are in place, and operating temperature in unclassified electrical areas should remain at least 10 °C below the flash point.
Lot-to-lot uniformity is maintained by certificate-of-analysis review for each container size. The supplier-controlled distribution chain reduces transloading contamination by using dedicated or solvent-approved tank trailers and drum lots with batch traceability back to the manufacturer’s reactor. Incoming inspection commonly includes gas chromatographic purity, Karl Fischer water, nonvolatile residue, and UV absorbance at 210 nm for optical cleaning use. For applications governed by REACH, the product is maintained under the registration dossier for isopropanol; for pharmaceutical or food-contact adjacent uses, the buyer must verify the applicable monograph or regulatory listing because not all grades are sold under the same registration category. The product is not recommended for direct solvent replacement in urethane coating thinning without reformulation validation, because fast evaporation can raise viscosity at the spray gun and alter flash times compared with higher-boiling ester solvents.
