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| HS Code | 467873 |
| Chemical Name | Isopropyl Alcohol |
| Chemical Formula | C3H8O |
| Cas Number | 67-63-0 |
| Molecular Weight | 60.10 g/mol |
| Grade | USP Grade |
| Purity | 99% |
| Physical State | Liquid |
| Appearance | Clear colorless liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic alcohol odor |
| Boiling Point | 82.5°C (180.5°F) at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | -89°C (-128.2°F) |
| Flash Point | 11.7°C (53°F) closed cup |
| Density | 0.786 g/cm³ at 20°C |
| Specific Gravity | 0.785 at 20°C |
| Solubility | Miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform |
As an accredited Isopropyl Alcohol 99%, USP Grade, Liquid factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in a 1-gallon HDPE jerrican with a leakproof, child-resistant cap; clearly labeled Isopropyl Alcohol 99%, USP Grade, Liquid. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: drums/totes of Isopropyl Alcohol 99% USP liquid, securely palletized, labeled, and documented for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Isopropyl Alcohol 99%, USP Grade, ships as a flammable liquid under UN1219, Hazard Class 3, Packing Group II. It must be packaged in approved, tightly sealed containers, protected from static, heat, and ignition sources. Proper labeling and ground/air transport compliance with hazardous materials regulations are required. |
| Storage | Store in tightly sealed, original or compatible containers in a cool, dry, well‑ventilated area. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and strong oxidizers. Ensure containers are grounded to prevent static discharge, especially for bulk quantities. Avoid direct sunlight and excessive temperatures, as vapor accumulation may create fire or explosion hazards. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 3 years when stored unopened in original, tightly sealed containers, away from heat, moisture, and ignition sources. |
Pharmaceutical antiseptic processing lines are designed around a dilution point rather than direct use of 99% USP-grade isopropyl alcohol. The incoming feedstock is specified against the USP-NF Isopropyl Alcohol monograph, with assay not less than 99.0%, and is handled under FDA 21 CFR 211 equipment cleaning and batch record controls. Formulation to the WHO-recommended leave-on hand antiseptic composition requires dilution to 75% v/v isopropanol, with glycerol at 1.45% v/v and hydrogen peroxide at 0.125% v/v; the dilution is executed in jacketed stainless steel compounding vessels under recirculating mixers, followed by 0.2 μm cartridge filtration and filling into high-density polyethylene containers. Water added at this stage is purified to not more than 1 μS/cm conductivity to avoid precipitation of trace metal salts on evaporator surfaces. The production bottleneck is the exothermic mixing band in the first 10–15 minutes after water addition; recirculating loops are therefore sized for 1.5–2.0 turnover volumes per minute to prevent localized water-rich zones that would lower the final alcohol concentration below the 70% lower efficacy threshold for non-enveloped virus inactivation measured under EN 14476. Terminal products from this pathway include alcohol-based hand sanitizer gels, disinfectant wipes, preoperative skin preparations, and hard-surface disinfectants for controlled-environment cleanrooms.
Automated in-line cleaning for printed circuit board assemblies uses undiluted 99% USP IPA as the final rinse fluid in spray-under-immersion modules, where water content above 1% by weight extends the evaporation tail and leaves conductive residues that reduce surface insulation resistance. The relevant acceptance test is IPC-TM-650 2.6.3.3 at 40°C/90% RH, with pass criteria tied to the board design and flux category; solvent extract resistivity is monitored per IPC-TM-650 2.3.25. Cleaning bath formulation uses the feedstock neat, with no water added, and a makeup rate of 5–15% of bath volume per shift depending on ionic load from reflow residues. Process equipment includes stainless steel immersion tanks with 40 kHz ultrasonic transducers, followed by regenerative blower air knives and a final deionized-water-free drying stage; boards are loaded into drying baskets with a maximum stack depth of 25 mm to avoid capillary retention between ball grid array packages. In stencil printing rooms, the same feedstock is applied via pressure-siphon dispensers to lint-free wipes for solder paste removal from laser-cut stencils; the wipe pressure is set between 0.3–0.5 N/cm² to avoid aperture deformation. Terminal finished product types include no-clean PCB assemblies for automotive engine control units, RF amplifier modules, fiber optic connector end-faces, and semiconductor lead frames prior to wire bonding.
Solvent-borne flexographic and gravure ink systems use the 99% USP material as a fast-evaporating co-solvent in resin cuts based on nitrocellulose, polyamide, or acrylic binders. Formulation addition levels typically fall between 5–30 wt% of the finished ink, with the lower end used when ethyl acetate or n-propyl acetate is already present in the solvent blend and the upper end reserved for high-speed surface printing on non-absorbent films where re-wetting of plate screens must be suppressed. Compliance is assessed under EU 1935/2004 for printed food-contact materials in the final laminate structure, with Good Manufacturing Practice evidence aligned to the European Printing Ink Association sector guidance and REACH registration dossiers for solvent blends. Downstream processing includes high-shear dispersion of pigment concentrates, let-down into solvent-diluted resin vehicles, and viscosity adjustment to 18–25 s on a #3 Zahn cup before gravure cylinder or flexographic plate transfer. Drying tunnel temperatures are held at 50–70°C for water-free ink systems, and adhesion is checked per ISO 2409 cross-cut classification on corona-treated polyethylene or polyester substrates. Terminal finished product types in this segment include high-gloss flexible packaging, surface-printed labels for beverage containers, permanent marker ink reservoirs, and gravure-printed shrink sleeves.
Surface preparation for structural adhesive bonding employs the 99% USP feedstock either at full strength or diluted to 70–85% v/v with deionized water for substrates where slower evaporation avoids blushing on cold-rolled steel. The governing cleanliness specification is SSPC-SP1 solvent cleaning, supplemented by ASTM D2651 for metallic adherend preparation prior to adhesive bonding. Application is performed with lint-free polyester wipes in a folded quarter-fold geometry to minimize redeposition of oil; each wipe is used in a single direction and discarded after 0.5 m² of surface coverage, a practice developed from production-scale audits of hydraulic cylinder assembly lines where retained soil caused peel-strength scatter in polyurethane bonds. Spray application uses pneumatic siphon guns with fluid nozzles between 0.8–1.2 mm and atomizing air set to 2.0–2.5 bar, followed by air-knife dry-off within 30–60 seconds before adhesive rolling. The critical process window is the open time after solvent evaporation; polyurethane adhesive bonding is initiated within 5 minutes to avoid re-adsorption of airborne hydrocarbons on active aluminum oxide surfaces. Terminal finished product types include automotive body-in-white hang-on panels, powder-coated steel enclosures, carbon-fiber composite brackets, and glass-to-metal structural assemblies.
Analytical and preparative chromatographic workflows specify 99% USP IPA as the organic modifier where acetonitrile supply volatility or target solubility is unfavorable. In reversed-phase C18 gradient methods, the volumetric fraction of IPA typically ranges from 5–50% v/v, with the lower end sufficient for moderately polar phenolic constituents and the upper end reserved for lipophilic diterpenes and degradation products that exhibit poor peak shape in methanol-based eluents. Compliance for residual solvent control is defined by ICH Q3C Table 3, where isopropyl alcohol is listed as a Class 3 solvent with a permissible daily exposure of 50 mg/day, and by USP 467 residual solvents procedures when the feedstock is used in batch processing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Preparative applications use axial compression columns filled with 10–20 μm irregular silica particles; eluent is treated with degassing at 40–60°C under vacuum before rotary evaporation to recover isolated fractions. Recovery vessels are operated below 150 mbar absolute pressure to limit thermal degradation of oxygen-sensitive compounds. Terminal finished product types from this pathway include isolated botanical diterpenes, synthetic peptide intermediates, analytical reference standards, and purified alkaloid fractions intended for secondary pharmacological screening.
Leave-on personal care systems incorporating 99% USP isopropyl alcohol are formulated as co-solvent packages for film-forming terpolymers in hair styling and nail lacquer thinning applications. The typical addition level in pump-spray hair styling concentrates is 1–10 wt%, while nail polish thinner formulations may contain up to 20–30 wt% depending on the nitrocellulose-to-tosylamide resin ratio; levels above 15 wt% in aerosolized pump products trigger volatile organic compound documentation under CARB consumer product categories in the United States. Regulatory compliance for the European Union is assessed under EU 1223/2009, with batch manufacturing conducted according to ISO 22716 Good Manufacturing Practice. Processing is performed in cold-process stainless steel vessels because the solvent evaporative cooling reduces batch temperature by 2–3°C during homogenization at 3,000–5,000 rpm; the resulting batch is filtered through 50 μm bag filters before transfer to filling lines. Terminal finished product types in this category include quick-drying nail polish thinners, hair styling pump sprays, deodorant body sprays, and cosmetic brush cleaners for professional makeup studios.
Competitive Isopropyl Alcohol 99%, USP Grade, Liquid prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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Isopropyl Alcohol 99%, USP Grade, Liquid is a low-water propan-2-ol solvent supplied as a clear, mobile liquid with a characteristic alcohol odour. The material is identified by CAS 67-63-0, empirical formula C₃H₈O, and molar mass 60.10 g·mol⁻¹. Its USP Grade designation indicates conformance to the current United States Pharmacopeia monograph for Isopropyl Alcohol, which applies gas chromatographic assay, specific gravity, refractive index, water content, and nonvolatile residue limits. At 20 °C, the liquid exhibits a density of approximately 0.785 g/cm³, a boiling point of 82.5 °C, a melting point of −89 °C, a closed-cup flash point of 12 °C, and a vapor pressure of approximately 4.4 kPa. The material is miscible with water, acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.
Commercial model designations are distributor-specific rather than pharmacopeial. Typical stock-keeping codes combine purity, USP status, and container size—for example, IPA-99-USP-4L—but no universal model number applies. The controlling document is the lot-specific certificate of analysis issued against the USP monograph. Packaging is commonly high-density polyethylene or fluoropolymer-lined steel in volumes of 1 L, 4 L, 20 L, or 200 L, with bulk stainless steel transfer lines maintained under nitrogen where low water ingress is required.
| Parameter | USP monograph requirement | Reference method |
|---|---|---|
| Assay | Not less than 99.0% C₃H₈O | Gas chromatography |
| Specific gravity | 0.783–0.787 | USP <841> |
| Refractive index | 1.376–1.378 | USP <831> |
| Water | Not more than 0.1% | USP <921> Method I |
| Nonvolatile residue | Not more than 0.005% | USP <281> |
The critical differences between 99% USP-grade isopropyl alcohol and other isopropanol products are water content, nonvolatile residue, and compendial release status. A 70% v/v aqueous product is deliberately diluted to provide slower evaporation and greater aqueous contact for antimicrobial activity; it is not intended for anhydrous synthesis. Industrial 99% isopropanol may meet ASTM D770 for general solvent use but does not carry USP monograph release data. ACS reagent-grade isopropanol is a separate analytical specification with lower residue and water limits for trace work. Table 2 summarizes these boundaries.
| Grade | Assay | Water | Nonvolatile residue | Primary use boundary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 99% USP | ≥99.0% | ≤0.1% | ≤0.005% | Pharmaceutical processing, anhydrous cleaning |
| 70% v/v aqueous | 70% v/v | ≈30% v/v water | Not controlled to USP limits | Surface disinfectant |
| Industrial 99% | ≥99% typical | Variable | Variable | General solvent use |
| ACS reagent | ≥99.5% | ≤0.2% | ≤0.001% | Trace analytical work |
In pharmaceutical solvent applications, the material is used as a Class 3 residual solvent under ICH Q3C, with a permitted daily exposure of 50 mg/day. Residual solvent control in drug substances and excipients is typically monitored by gas chromatography using USP <467>. Because USP-grade water content is limited to 0.1%, the material can be introduced into moisture-sensitive reaction workups, equipment rinses, and recrystallization sequences without adding water beyond the monograph limit. Batch-to-batch variability is controlled by the certificate of analysis; for distillative recovery in multipurpose plants, cuts are monitored for water and nonvolatile residue before reuse.
For analytical sample preparation, the USP grade is suitable as an extraction solvent in compendial tests only when method-specific interference studies are performed; USP grade is not identical to HPLC-grade or gradient-grade isopropanol. Trace organic impurities that do not affect the USP monograph may absorb at low UV wavelengths. A UV cut-off near 205 nm is typical, but lot-specific optical clarity should be confirmed for liquid chromatography with UV detection. Filtration through 0.2 µm PTFE or nylon membrane filters is standard before chromatographic use.
For cleanroom disinfection, 99% USP-grade isopropyl alcohol is typically diluted with Water for Injection or purified water to a final concentration of 70% v/v. The anhydrous product alone evaporates rapidly and provides insufficient water-mediated contact for protein denaturation and bacterial cell wall penetration. It is not a sporicidal agent; bacterial spores and resistant molds require separate oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid. Used undiluted in ISO 5 environments, the 99% product functions mainly as a residue-dissolving cleaner for stainless steel, glass, and PTFE surfaces before disinfectant application. Under FDA 21 CFR 211.67, equipment cleaning validation is expected, and the solvent must be removed or verified below established residue limits. Contact times for vegetative bacteria are documented in internal cleaning validation protocols; no compendial contact time is assigned by the USP monograph.
When elastomeric closures are rinsed before steam sterilization, the low nonvolatile residue specification of 0.005% is critical because any residue on closure surfaces can migrate into the drug product. Compatibility with the elastomer must be qualified; bromobutyl and chlorobutyl formulations may show different swell behavior, and published data for this specific configuration is limited. PTFE and 316L stainless steel are preferred fluid-path materials; EPDM and natural rubber seals in benchtop dispensers may exhibit moderate swell during continuous exposure.
For printed circuit board assemblies processed through no-clean solder pastes, the low water content of 99% USP-grade isopropanol reduces water-associated corrosion risk during flux removal, but the material is not automatically equivalent to electronics-grade solvent. Ionic cleanliness after cleaning is assessed by resistivity of solvent extract under IPC TM-650 2.3.25 or by ion chromatography; if the specification requires chloride ion levels below 1.56 µg/cm² NaCl equivalent, the incoming solvent lot should be screened for trace chloride and sulfate. For conformal coating adhesion, test panels are evaluated under ASTM D3359 after full cure; this is a film-adhesion test, not a solvent purity test, so it does not replace certificate-of-analysis review.
In nitrocellulose lacquers, moisture-cure polyurethane coatings, and conformal coating systems, water imbalance can produce blush, microfoaming, or premature isocyanate consumption. The 0.1% USP water limit is low enough for many anhydrous coating operations, but not for isocyanate systems requiring water below 0.05%; published data for this specific configuration is limited. Operators typically verify lot water by Karl Fischer titration before charging reactors, and they blanket storage tanks with dry nitrogen to prevent hygroscopic uptake. Repeated opening of drums in humid air can raise water content toward or beyond the monograph limit, so closed-loop transfer is preferred where moisture sensitivity is severe.
For food-contact sanitizing operations, 21 CFR 178.1010 permits isopropyl alcohol in sanitizing solutions under specified conditions; the 99% grade must be diluted to the concentration established in the sanitation program. Regulatory compliance is use-specific, and the USP monograph does not by itself confer food-contact sanitizer status.
The liquid is classified under GHS as Flammable Liquid Category 2 with hazard statement H225, Eye Irritation Category 2 with H319, and Specific Target Organ Toxicity Single Exposure Category 3 with H336. Repeated handling may cause skin dryness under EUH066. Storage requires NFPA 30-compliant flammable-liquid cabinets, grounding and bonding during transfer per NFPA 77, and explosion-proof ventilation in areas where vapor concentrations may approach the lower explosive limit of 2.0% by volume in air. The upper explosive limit is approximately 12.7% by volume; autoignition is reported near 399 °C. Contact with strong oxidizers—including peroxides, nitric acid, and chromium trioxide—is incompatible and may generate heat or fire. Bulk transfer equipment constructed of 316L stainless steel or PTFE-lined carbon steel is preferred; natural rubber and certain epoxy-lined carbon steel components should be evaluated against supplier compatibility charts before long-duration exposure.
